01 / Location & anatomical relationships
On the upper surface of each fingertip and toe tip.
02 / Structure & organization
The nail plate is produced mainly by the nail matrix and advances over the nail bed. The proximal fold protects the growing region. The plate consists of tightly packed keratinized cells, while the tissues supporting it remain living.
03 / Function
They are made mostly of a protein called keratin.
04 / Mechanism
New nail cells form near the root and push the nail plate forward. The firm plate supports the soft tip underneath. Fingernails also help with precise tasks, such as picking up a thin piece of paper.
Working together: integumentary system
Skin forms a barrier, nerves in the skin notice touch, and sweat helps cool you when it evaporates.
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Connect structure with function
Nail growth starts proximally rather than at the free edge. The plate provides counterpressure for fingertip tasks and protects the distal digit.
Check your understanding
Locate the nail in relation to its neighbors. Explain how the structural features described above support its function, then distinguish it from a nearby structure with a different role.
Keep learning
Continue with OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology for system-level study. This atlas is educational and has not undergone independent medical peer review.